Loom



March 15-, 1949. w sE 2,464,624

' LOOM Filed April 16, 1947 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 March 15, 1949. wALLlSER2,464,624

Loom

4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed April 16, 1947 Patented Mar. 15, 1949 Bel-man,all of Chicago, 111., and one-fourth to Thor S. Johnson, Irvington, N.Y., trustee Application April 16,1947, SerialNo. 741,733- 7 Claims. (01.139-38) This invention relates to a loom, and more particularly to aloom for weaving fabric and rugs with projecting loops of threadextending from the surface thereof. This application confstitutes acontinuation-in-part of my co-pending warp and ground warp threads withweft threads woven there-between, wherein the pile warp threads .areperiodically projected from the fabric in the form of loops integrallysecured to but extending from the fabric.

Another object of the invention is to provide in a loom means forprojecting loops in a portion of the warp threads, the loops extendingfrom thewoven fabric. Still another object is to protime in a loom aneedle arranged to engage the pile warp threads, to advance the same toform loops therein, and thereafter to release the threads. Yet anotherobject is to provide a shuttle mechanism for periodically weaving a weftthread between warp threads, and .means for interrupting the operationof the shuttle mechanism for a single period. Another object is toprovide angularly-positioned pile projecting needles and means forsevering the projected pile threads.

Another object is to arrange the shuttle mechanism in cooperation withthe loop projecting means whereby the operation. of the shuttlemechanism is interrupted when the pile warp threads are engaged for theformation of loops, and the operation is resumed before the pile warpthreads are released. A further object is to provide a tension device ina loom for exerting a tension upon the pile warp threads, and means forreleasing the tension when the pile warp threads are engaged by a loopprojecting member.

Other features and advantages will appear from the followingspecification and drawings, in whichf Fig. l is a front elevational viewof the. im-. proved loom; Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view takenalong the line 2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a fragmentary detail view, inelevation, of the mechanism for actuating the tensioning device; Fig. 4is a fragmentary detail view, in elevation.

of the mechanism for controlling the actionof the loop projectingmember; Fig. 4A is an enlarged sectional detailed view, the sectionbeing taken as indicated at line 4A of Fig. 4; Fig. 5 is a sectionalview taken along the line 5 of Fig.

'4; Fig. 6 is a 'front elevational view, partly brokenaway, of theloop-projecting member: Fig. '7 is a broken plan view of the same; andFig. 8 is an enlarged broken sectional view of the needle and knifestructure and the supporting mechanism therefor.

I In standard and conventional loom constructions, the loom is usuallyprovided with means for advancing warp threads through the apparatus andwith a. shuttle and bobbin construction for passing one or more weftthreads back and forth between" the warp threads to form the wovenfabric. The warp threads are divided into at least two groups which areindependently received by heddles.

The heddles move with a reciprocating motion to separate the two groupsof warp threads, and then. after the weft thread has been passed betweenthe separated warp threads, the heddles are moved in opposite directionswith respect to each other to enclose the weft thread in the fabric andagain separate the warp threads. The weaving operation continues byagain passing the weft threads between the separated warp threads.

The operation of the heddles and other cooperating elements of the loomstructure is controlled by a dobbyhead which serves to synchronize thevarious elements of the structure.

The structure of the present invention includes these conventional loomelements together with additional mechanism and means for providingcooperation between the elements. In so far as the structure relates toconventional and well-known loom mechanism, it will not be described indetail herein.

The loom mechanism of the present invention is particularly adapted toform a fabric or rug having long twisted loops extending from thesurface thereof to form articles similar to bullion fringe. With thisapparatus, a bullion twist rug can be formed integrally with the rugbody, providing a sturdy and attractive product more pleasing inappearance than rugs of this type heretofore formed.

The fabric or rug is described in detail in Robert E. Walliser PatentNo. 2,308,577, for Rug, whichissued January 19. 1943.

In the specific embodiment of the invention described herein, the loomincludes a shuttle and bobbin means A driven by a drive mechanism B. Thepile warp threads are carried in heddles C. the cooperation of thevarious elements being obtained by means of a dobbyhead D. The loom isalso equi ped with a pivotally joined at 51 to a bar 7 and drives thearm or tensioning device E and a loo projecting mechanism F. I

Referring particularly to Fig. 2. a frame 28 supports a large roller 2irotatably mounted on the shaft 22. The roller 2! carries ground warpthreads 23, preferably wound on the roller in pairs 24 and 28. Theground warp threads extending from the roller 2i pass over a shaft 28and are received within the heddles 21 and 28,.

the heddle 28 receiving the threads 25. and the heddie 21 receivingthe.threads .24. From the heddles 21 and 28. the ground warp threadsextend over the batten 23 and are formed into the fabric 38.

The fabric 38 is received on the roller 3 l passes tn; the small roller32, and is wound on the roller 3 The extensions 34 and 38 of the frame28 support a second large roller 38 rotatably mounted on the shaft 31.The pile warp threads 38 are carried by the roller 38 and are'deliveredto the tension release shafts 33 and 48 of the tension device E. Fromthe shaft 48, the pile warp threads extendto the heddle 4| across theshuttie supporting member 28 to the loop projecting mechanism F. Thepile warp threads 38 are incorporated in the fabric 38. being integrallysecured thereto by the shuttle and bobbin means A and having loopsformed therein by the loop projecting mechanism F.

Referring now to Fig. 1, the rollers 3|. 32 and 33 are carried on shafts43, 44 and 45 .iournaled in suitable brackets on the frame 28. Shafts 43and 45 have rigidly secured thereto gears 48 and 41, by means of whichthe shafts may be driven by any suitable power means. The roller 32serves to reverse the position of the pile of the rug so that the pile.although extending from the outer surface of the fabric 38 as it isreceived "on the roller 3| is on the inner surface of the fabric when itis received on the roller 33.

Referring again to Fig. 2, the heddles 21, 28 and 4| are mounted forvertical reciprocating motion in the usual manner and are controlled intheir movement by the dobbyhead D. The shuttle and bobbin means is alsoof conventional construction and will not be described in detail herein.

A main drive shaft 48, driven by any suitable means (not shown), carriesa large gear 48 and an arm iil rigidly mounted thereon. To the ends ofthe arm 50 are-attached apair of cams 5i and 82. which are arranged toen age the boss 53 on the bracket 84 on the shaft 55. To the shaft 55 isrigidly secured a lever '88.

As seen particularly in Fig. 1, the lever 88 is 88 which engagespicker-stick 89. The arm 88 carries a picker block (not shown) which isarranged to strike the shuttle 6! when it is in shuttle box 80 and todrive it across the loom.

On the opposite side of the loom is a duplicate mechanism for driving-asimilar arm or pickerstlck 82, which strikes the shuttle when it is inthe shuttle box 83 to pass it back across the loom.

When, the cam 5 i passes the boss or shoe 53, the

arm 58 is returned to its original position conventional means, notshown.

As seen particularly in Fig. 2, the gear 48 carries a .chain 84which'drives asmaller gear 85 rotatably mounted on the shaft 88. Theshaft 88 carries means for actuating and operating the loopprojectingmechanism F. A crank 81 formed in the shaft 68 is pivotally attached toa laterally extending arm 88 of the support 88 for the'loop projectingmeans. The support 83, in turn, is pivotally mounted on the shaft 18 inthe frame 28. Rotation ofthe shaft 88 thus imparts horizontalreciprocating motion to the loop projecting mechanism F. I

A cam 1!, carried by the shaft 88, is engaged by the roller 12 on thearm 13. Arm 13 isrigidiy affixed to a shaft 14, one end of which isJournailed into bracket 18 and the other end of which is Journalled intoa corresponding bracket '(not shown) carried by frame 28 near the otherend of the loom. The end, of arm 13 opposite roller 12 is pivotallyconnected to another arm 16 which extends upward to the loop projectingmechanism. An arm (not shown), rigidly aillxed to the end of shaft 14opposite arm 13,

is pivotally connected to arm'18a, which like- I wise extends upward tothe loop' projecting mech-' anism. I l p The shaft 88 is brought intodrive relation with the gear by a clutch mechanism hereinafterdescribed.

A shaft 11 is driven by a gear 18 (Fig. 3), which in turn is driven by alarge gear 18 on the shaft. 48. The shaft 11 carries a crank 8| which ispivotaily connected to an arm 82 secured 'at its other end to the batten28 which in turn is carried by the standards 83. structure is housed inthe batten.

The standards 83. in' turn, are pivotally mounted on the shaft 18 sothat rotation of the shaft 11 and crank 8i produces a horizontalreciprocating motion in. the shuttle-supporting .The usual reed member28. The standards 83 also support a horizontal plate 84 which extendsacross the loom under the ground warp threads 24 and supports theshuttle 81 in its passage across the loom onthe ground warp threads 24.

The tension device E, which is operated to momentarily release thetension on pile warp 38, includes a bracket 85 .in-which is journaledthe shaft 38. Another bracket 88 extends downwardly from the shaft 38 tosupport the shaft 40.

Rotation of the shaft 38 thus produces a horizontal movement of theshaft 40.

Referring now to Fig. 3, the shaft 38 carries a ratchet 81, providedwith teeth 88 along one side thereof. The teeth 88 are engaged by a pairof pawls 88 and 88, the pawl 88 being pivotally mounted on the shaft 8I. the pawl 88 is secured a spring 82 and a. lead wire 83 to thedobbyhead D. A depending arm 84 'is pivotally mounted on the shaft 8iand serves as a pivotal support for'the pawl 80. The lower end of thearm 84 engages a cam 85 on the shaft 11. v 1 v As seen particularly inFigs, 4, 4A, andj, the loop projecting mechanism} is controlled inoperation by a clutch mechanism. The shaft 88 supports a drum 88 rigidlymounted thereon. Another shaft 98 is .slidably received 'within thedrum, as seen particularly in Fig. 4A. Theshaft 88* engages at its enda'recess or socket (not shown) in the gear 85 so as to releasablyinterlock the gear 85 and drum 88 for rotational movement and thus causethe rotation of the gear 85 to produce rotation of the drum 88 and shaft88.

A pin 81 extends laterally from the shaft 88 and from the drum 88. Aspring 81 urges the shaft 88 into the socket in .the gear 88 s0 as tolock the ear 85 and the drum 88 to ether. V

A recess stop member 88 is adapted to engage the pin 81 and prevent therotation of the drum 86.. The ston'member is' pivotallymountedon To theopposite end of lowered,'the stop member is the shaft is and connectedby mm m with the bar m. An arm m, pivotally mounted at m,

connects the bar III to a lead wire I04 connected to the dobbyhead D.When the lead wire I04 is drawn away from longitudinally of the drum 00and away from the gear 0|. This releases the pin 06 from interlockingengagement with the gear 65, and rotation 01 the drum 00 and shaft 60ceases. The clutch mechanism for releasably connecting the drum '00 indrive relation with the gear 65 may be any suitable mechanism andistherefore not described in greater detail herein.

The dobbyhead D. as-seen particularly in Figs. 2 and 1, is equipped witha series of pulleys I05 upon which .the various lead wires are carried.The lead-wires I00 extend to the upper ends of the heddles 21, 20 and4|, while the lead wires I01 pass around the pulleys I08 to the lowerends of the same heddles.

Lead wires 03 and I09 (Fig. 3) are connectedto the dobbyhead and controlthe action of the tension device E. When the lead wires 93 and I]! arelifted, the pawls 09 and 90 arereleased from the ratchet 01. and theshaft 30 is permitted to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction torelease the tension on the pile warp threads 30.

The loop-projecting mechanism F, as seen particularly in Figs. 6 to 8inclusive, includes a pinrality of needles III, which are fixedlymounted in a channeled bar III carried by the support 89 which ispivotally mounted on the frame 20. The bar I I I also supports pivots II2 and M2 on which are mounted cranks H3 and H3 respectively. Crank II 2is pivotally connected at one end to the arm I0 and at the other toalink I I4. Crank I I3 is pivotally connected at one end to arm 16 and atthe other end to link H4. The links H4 cranks are changed in position torelease the wires I20 and I29, the shuttle boxes 00 and 03 are loweredby gravity to a position where they are not engaged by the picker-blocks(not shown) on the pickersticks or arms 00 and 02. The springs I20,andI21 provide an escapement to prevent breakage in the event that theshuttle boxes become jammed.

When the shuttle boxes 00 and 63' are in lowered pcsition, theirshuttles are not engaged by the pickers actuated by the arms 59 and 02,

and the shuttle 0| is not passed across the loom. As soon as the boxesarelifted by the wires I20 and I29 to normal upward position, theshuttle is engaged by the pickers actuated by the arms I! and 02.

The dcbbyhead mechanism D is of conventional construction and reed notbe described in detail herein. The usual Jacks I30 are connected to thevarious lead wires and are actuated by any suitable means, such as thewell-known pattern chain construction (not shown). The jacks may be ofany desired number,'and may be arranged so that they are actuated at theappropriate time by adjustment of the conventional actuatin means.

The pile warp threads 38 are advanced through the loom around theneedles I I0, while the lower angular extensions or hooks I I0 of theneedles are p sitioned adjacent groups of the pile warp threads whereby,when the needles are retracted.

' they move the warp threads laterally until they pass below suchthreads and, when advanced,

pick up and carry the pile warp threads forwardly. The loom is soconstructed and o erated that the ground warp threads 25'normally areshed with the pile warp threads '30. while the ground warp threads 24are separated therefrom in order to permit the shuttle and the weft 40thread carried thereby to pass between the warp threads.

and 4 are connected 'to the angle member H5. The needles IIO are securedat their upper ends to the top portion of the channeled bar III and attheir lower ends are bent forwardly at right angles. The forcing of theneedle bend forwardly at right angles forms a hook Hi. This hook, asshown best in Fig. '7, is inclined laterally at an angle of about fromthe path which the needles follow during reciprocation.

The shank of the needle and the hook portion are provided with a slotIII adapted to receive the rear edge of a knife H8 having anupwardlyextending rod H9 secured to the bottom of the angle member I 15.A spring I20 normally urges the rod II! and knife H8 upwardly.

Referring again to Fig. 1. the shuttle boxes (and Ora-re connected tothe rods I22 and I23. which are slidably received within the. sleevesI24 and I25. S rings I26 and I2'I resting at one end against collars I40and I. res ectively.

The weaving operation is carried out in the conventional manner for fivesuccessive passes of the weft thread between the warp threads. At thispoint. the heddle carrying the ground warp threads 25 remains in loweredposition, while the ground warp threads 24 .are also brought to loweredposition. At thesame time, the pile warp threads 30 are raised, asindicated in Fig. 2, and the angular hooks or extensions 6 of theneedles H0, when they are drawn back of the warp threads 30 and areadvanced, pick up the warp threads and draw them forwardlyto form loops.

Operation The ground warp threads 24 and 25 are vanced from theroller 2|over@ the roller 26'-to the heddles 21 and 28. At the same time. thepile warp thread 38 is passed from the roller 26 across the shafts 39and 40 of the tension .device E to'the heddle 4|. The heddles are. so:arranged that the pile warp threads 38 and ground warp threads 25 aremaintained in raised position while the ground warp threads 24 are inlowered position. When the heddle 21 is raised, the heddles 28 and 4|are'lowered to reverse the position of the threads.

The pile warp and ground warp threads passing through the heddles extendacross the batten 29. with the ground warp threads 24 resting on thesupportingplatefl. At this point, the shuttle and bobbin GI are passedacross between the' The pile warp threads 38 passing beyond the. batten29 are periodically engaged by the lateral extension N of the needlesH0, and a loop is formed in each of the threads. The woven fabrc is thenreceived on the rollers 3|, 32 and 33. The fabric and the threads areadvanced through the loom by the driving of. the rollers 3| and 33through the gears 48 and 41.

As the warp threads are advanced through the apparatus, the actuatingmechanism of the tensioning device causes the shaft 39 to be turned 1clockwise, thereby causing a taking up of all of the-slack on the pilewarp threads 38. This operation is accomplished by the rotation of thegear 19 on the shaft 48, which, in turn, drives the gear 18 and cam 95on the shaft H. The movement of the cam moves the arm 94 and causes thepawl 98 to advance the ratchet 81 in a clockwise direction. When therecessed portion of the cam 95 engages the arm 94, the pawl 98 iswithdrawn to engage the next adjacent tooth 88. The pawl 89 in themeantime remains in engagement with a tooth 88 of the ratchet 81 andprevents release of the tension.

At the time that the needles llll engage the pile warp threads 38, theappropriate jacks of the dobbyhead D are actuated to lift the lead wires93 and I09, releasing the pawls 89 and 90 from the ratchet 81, and thuspermitting the shaft 39 to turn in a counter-clockwise direction andrelease the tension on the pile warp threads 38.

The rotation of the drive shaft 48 also causes rotation of the arm 50and cams 5| and 52 to drive the shuttle actuating mechanism. The cams 5|and 52 engage the shoe or boss 53 of the bracket 54, rotating the shaft55 and moving the before the batten 29 is picker-stick 59 against theshuttle. When the picker actuated by arm 59 engages the shuttle, itdrives the shuttle 5| across the loom between the warp threads to theshuttle box 53. After the 'heddles have changed position, the arm 52then V 8 I threads 38. When the needles H8 are brought into engagementwith the pile warp threads 38, the dobbyhead causes the wires I28 andI29 to be moved and the shuttle boxes 50 and 53 to be lowered.

The batten 29 and the reed carried thereby are driven by the arm 82,which is connected by a crank 8| to the shaft 11. Accordingly, rotationof the shaft 11 causes the batten v29 to be reciprocated. The shaft 1'!is driven by the gear 18, which in turn is driven by the main gear 19 onthe main drive shaft 48. Since the batten 29 and the loop projectingmechanism F are driven'by means which are actuated by the shaft, themovement of the loop projecting mechanism F is readily synchronized withthe movement of the batten 28,'s q that the mechanism F on the arm 59moves to its rearward position when the batten 29 and the reed carriedthereby are in their rearward position. The loop projecting mechani'sm Fis then,

advanced to its forward position, as seen in Fig. 2, moved *forwardly atthe time of the beat-up. When the loop projecting mechanism F is in theforward position shown in Fig. 2, the batten 29 and the reed carriedthereby may be reciprocated to their forward position withoutinterference fromthe loop projecting mechanism.

After five passes of the shuttle have been completed, heddle frames 21and 28 are lowered and heddle frame 4| is raised. At the same time,boxes 59 and 63 are lowered so that the shuttle is removed from the pathof the picker-block (not shown) carried by the picker-stick or arm 59.Thus, at this moment the ground warp threads are depressed and out ofreach of the needles H8 and the pile warp threads are raised within theoperating range of the needles H8. Inthis posi-' tion, the shuttle isnot engaged by either of the drives the shuttle from the shuttle box 53across v the loom-to the shuttle box 50.

The loop projecting mechanism F is also driven from the drive shaft 48.The gear 49 drives the chain 64 and gear55 which is rotatably mounted onthe shaft 55. The drum 95 provides a clutch for bringing the shaft 55into fixed relation with the gear 85.

Referring particularly to Fig. 4, when the lead wire I84 is raised bythe appropriate jack of the dobbyhead D, the stop member 98 is movedaway from the drum 95 and pin 91. This permits the spring 9'! within thedrum to urge shaft 95* within the drum into driving relation with thegear 55, thus driving the shaft 55.

When the shaft 55 is rotated, the cam 'Il causes movement of the roller.12, arm 13, arm 15, and arm 15 Through cranks H3 and H3 and links H4 andH4, the angle member H5 is reciprocated, causing the knives H8 to moveupwardly and downwardly. The timing is such that the knives H8 movedownwardly to sever the loops carried by the inclined hooks H5 after theloops have been drawn forwardly to their full extent and just before theneedles are carried in a backward direction past the warp threads. Inthe rearward movement of the supporting arm 59, the needles, the shanksof which move in parallel with the pile warp threads, slightly move thepile warp threads laterally as theirhook portions I "5 move below theraised pile warp threads. The crank 5'! on the shaft 55 now moves thesupporting arm 59 to advance the loop-projecting mechpickers carried bythe picker-sticks 59 and 52, and the shuttle does not pass across theloom. The dobbyhead is. so arranged that the shuttle boxes are held inthis position for only a single movement of the sticks 59 or 52. Thus,in the" periodic movement of the shuttle across the loom, only oneperiod is missed.

The fabric contains pile warp threads .and

ground warp threads disposed in parallel relation to each other.Preferably, there are two ground warp threads for each pile warp thread.The weft threads extend back and forth across the fabric between thewarp threads, the weft thread being alternately above and below each ofthe warp threads betweenthe loops.

The loops may be spaced apart in the fabric, and, as shown, are formedwith five weft threads between adjacent loops. When the last of the fiveweft threads has been passed across the loom between the warp threads,the heddle on the lower ground warp thread remains in fixed position,while the upper ground warp thread is lowered and the pile warp threadis raised. The needles H0 are thus brought into engagement with the pilewarp threads and advanced to form loops in each of the same.

When the needles are brought into engagement with the pile warp threads,the tensioning device is released and the shuttle boxes are lowered toprevent the passageof the shuttle across the loom. By the time that theneedl has reached advanced position and the loops have been formed, thepile warp threads have been lowered by the heddle II and the ground warpthreads 24 have been raised by the heddle 21. The shuttle boxes 59 and53 are wardly and the knife H8 severs the loops held by the needleextension H6. The needle H8, whichis mounted in fixed position,. thenmoves rearwardly in a path parallel with'and adjacent to the pile warpthreads 88 which are raised at an inclination, as illustrated in Fig. 2.The angular needle extensions or hooks I l6 press the pile warp threads38 slightly to one side, ratchet fashion, until they clear them towardthe end of the rearward stroke. Upon the advancing movement of theneedles, however, the hook portions H6 pick up the pile warp threads 38and carry them forwardly to the loop-projected position.

The pile warp threads used are preferably twisted so that after loopsare formed therein, the threads rotate to form twisted loops. When,however, the loops are cut as described above, the twisting actionbecomes less important and may in be omitted.

If desired, the knives 118 may be removed from the needles, and theneedles with their angularly turned ends or'hooks I I6 may be operatedwithout any means 'for severing the loops. Inthe latter arrangement,when the knives are omitted, the pile warp threads are preferablytwisted, as above mentioned. v

While there are shown-anddescribed certain embodiments of the invention,it is to be understood that it is capable of many modifications.Changes, therefore, in the construction and arrangement may be madewithout departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. In a loom of the character described adapted to weave a weft threadbetween advancing warp threads, a plurality of needles mounted formovement forwardly and rearwardly of said warp threads, means forbringing said needles into engagement with a portion of the warpthreads, mechanism for advancing said needles to form a loop in each ofthe engaged threads, and a plurality of knives equal in number to theneedles, each of said knives being movably mounted adjaground warpthreads, shuttle means for periodically weaving a weft thread betweensaid warp threads, a plurality of needles mounted for forward andbackward movement and adapted .to engage said pile warp threads whenadvanced, means for advancing said needles to form a loop in each ofsaid pile warp threads, movably mounted cutting blades in said needlesand means for actuating said blades to sever the loops on the needles,saidmechanism being operable for releasing said needles from said pilewarp threads.

4. In a loom of the character described equipped with means foradvancing ground warp and pile warp threads, means for raising andlowering said pile warp threads and a portion of the ground warp threadswith respect to the remaining ground warp threads, shuttle means forperiodically weaving a weft thread between said warp threads and forwithholding the weft thread in certain predetermined sheds, a pluralityof needles mounted for forward and backward movement and adapted toengage the pile warp threads, mechanism for advancing said needles toform I a loop in each of said engaged pile warp threads,

and a plurality of knives equal in number to the needles, each of saidknives being movably mounted adjacent a needle and operative to cut.

the loops formed by said needle.

5. In a loom of the character described equipped with means foradvancing ground warp and pile warp threads, means for raising andlowering said pile warpthreads and a portion of the ground warp threadswith respect to the remaining ground warp threads, shuttle means forperiodically weaving a weft thread between said warp threads, aplurality of needles mounted for reciprocating movement and adapted toengage the pile warp threads when advanced, mechanism for advancing saidneedles to form a loop in each of said engaged pile warp threads, andcutter means associated with said needles for severing each of saidloops when the same are formed in said A needles, said needles beingprovided withforwarp threads; means for raising and lowering said pilewarp threads and a portion of the ground warp threads, shuttle means forperiodically mounted for movement in a fixed course forwardly I cent aneedle and operative to cut the loops 4 formed by said needle.

2. In a loom of the character described adapted to form a weft threadbetween advancing warp threads, a plurality of needles mounted formovement in a fixed course forwardly and rearwardly of said warpthreads, means for bringing said needles into engagement with a portionof the warp threads, mechanism for advancing said needles to form a loopin each of the. engaged threads, and power-driven means operable forreleasing said needles from said engaged threads and comprising a cuttermember slidably carried by each of said needles for cutting each of theloops formed on the needles.

3. In a loom of the character described equipped weaving a weft threadbetween said warp threads and for withholding the weft thread in certainpredetermined sheds, a plurality of needles and rearwardly of said pilewarp threads and in adjacent relation thereto, said needles havingforwardly and laterally turned end portions inclined at an angle ofabout 45 from the path of said needles, said inclined end portionsmoving said pile warp threads slightly laterally when the needles aredrawn rearwardly to a point below the raised pile warp threads butengaging said pile warp threads when the needles are advanced to formloops in each of said pile warp threads, and means for reciprocatingsaid needles, and means actuated in synchronism with saidreciprocatingmeans for severing said loops when the same are fully formed and whilethe needles are in their advanced positidn.

'7. In a loom of the character described equipped with means foradvancing ground warp and pile warp threads, means for raising andlowering said pile warp threads and a portion of "the ground warpthreads, shuttle means for periodically weaving a weft thread betweensaid warp threads, a plurality of needles mounted for movement in afixed course forwardly and, rearwardly of said pile warp threads and inadjacent relation thereto,

saidneedles having forwardly and laterally turned end portions inclinedat an angle oi about 45 from the path of said needles. said inclined endportions movingsaid pile warp threads slightly laterally when theneedles are drawn rearwardly to a point below the raised pile warpthreads but engaging said pile warp threads when the needles areadvanced to form'loops in each of said pile warp threads, means forreciprocating said needles, and means actuated in synchronism with saidmeans for advancing said needles to loopforming position for severingsaid loops when the same are fully formed and before said needles moverearwardly. I ROBERT E. WALLISER.

12 A nemancas crrnn The followingreierences are of record in the tile01' this patent: a

Number FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain Oct. 17, 1923

